Chemistry GK Study Note: Matter- Mixtures & Separation Of Mixture - Page 2

Chemistry Note of Matter: Mixtures and Separation Process of Mixtures

As we all know Mixture is obtained by mixing or Composing two or more Homogeneous or Heterogeneous Compound at a single medium. For example we can mix water with salt, we can mix Tea with water, we chlorine and Iodine gas we can mix alcohol in water and many more. Thus to separate them out from one another we use various Separation Process. Among those separation processes few of them are discussed below.

Sublimation Process: In Sublimation process any Solid substance is directly converted into Vapor form with the help of Heat. After cooling down this vapour we can get back the solid in its original form. This type of Technique is used for the substances which can be sublimated from the mixture of the Substances with non-Sublime substances. For Example commonly used Naphthalene is a sublime substance and Sugar is non-sublime substance. So With the help of Sublimation Naphthalene can be easily separated from Sugar. Some of other Sublimes are Iodine, Ammonium, and Chlorine etc.

Filtration Process: Filtration process is the process to Filter out completely the solid particle from the liquid particle. In this process the mixture of solid particle and liquid is allowed to pass through a filter paper and thus Solid is filtered out from liquid. As for example the mixture of Sand in water , or mixture of tea in water can easily be filtered out with this process.

Evaporation Process:  In this process solution of any solid substance in liquid is heated so that the liquid part is evaporated out into vapour and solid part is remains. As for example, evaporation of water from any pond or lake or well. Separation of Salt from sea water is done by this process.

Crystallization Process: In this process the mixture of Impure solid and any good solvent like water or alcohol  or acetone is heated so that the mixture gets boiling point and thus the unwanted mixture is vapoured out from the mixture along with solvent(Water or Alcohol). The remained part is cooled down slowly up to room temperature (25 Degree) to form crystals. This process is mostly used for separation and Purification of Crystals or solid Substances.

Distillation Process: Distillation process is two-step process. Firstly the mixture of liquid substances is heated to form vapour. Secondly this vapour is cooled down to form original Liquid. Thus this process is mixture of Vapourization and Condensation. This process is employed to the mixture of substances whose have different Boiling points i.e. the different substances forms vapour in different temperature.  For example Mixture of Copper Sulphate and water can be separated by this process.

Fractional Distillation Process: Fractional Distillation is the similar process to the distillation. The only different is that in this process fractionating column is used to separate two or more volatile liquid which have different boiling points. As for Example Methyl Alcohol and acetone can be separated by this process.  Or Petrol, diesel, Kerosene, heavy oil are separated from Crude oil with the help of this Process. Separation of Different gases like oxygen or Nitrogen is carried out by this process. 

Chromatography:  Separation of mixture through Chromatography process is based on colour separation since Chroma mean colour. Thus in Chromatography process components of mixture are separated with the help of their absorption rate of in any suitable absorbent. There are many type of chromatography like Column Chromatography, Thin Layer Chromatography, Paper Chromatography, High pressure liquid chromatography, Gas Chromatography, In exchange Chromatography.

Sedimentation and Decantation:  When a mixture is contain one component is liquid and other is an insoluble solid , and also heavier then liquid like mud in water the this process is used to separate the out one from another. In this process the mixture is allowed to stand alone and undisturbed by outside in any pot or beaker for a long period of time. Thus the heavier particles are settled in the bottom due to gravity and water or liquid will be in upper portion of the pot. Thus they can be easily separated out. Depositing of clay or mud in the bottom is called Sedimentation and Separation of water from the Sedimentation mixture is called Decantation.